“Despite advances in medical technology and surgical care, the management of enterocutaneous fistulas remains one of the most challenging problems faced by physicians. Success depends on an expert multidisciplinary team, access to long-term enteral and parenteral nutrition support, advanced wound care, optimal medical management and meticulous, methodical, surgical decision-making and technique. Management is complex and multiphasic.Improved survival rates for many morbid problems have resulted in a growing population of patients with increasingly complex fistulas. This article reviews the etiologies as
well as classic and evolving management strategies for this problem.”

“Enterocutaneous fistulas remain one of the most challenging problems in surgery. Unfortunately, the incidence appears to be rising as surgeons attempt increasingly
complex operations in older patients with higher acuity and multiple comorbidities. A dedicated, multidisciplinary approach is paramount in restoring gastrointestinal tract continuity while limiting morbidity, mortality, and fistula recurrence. Referral to tertiary centers that have developed the necessary components and expertise to ensure maximal patient outcomes is, of course, advised.”

Haack, Carla I., John R. Galloway, and Jahnavi Srinivasan. “Enterocutaneous fistulas: a look at causes and management.” Current surgery reports 2 (2014): 1-10.