“Based on the study results, the 2016 WSES risk classes for choledocholithiasis could be an effective approach for predicting the risk of choledocholithiasis. Considering its advantages for detecting CBD stones and biliary injuries, the routine use of IOC is still suggested.” (Lai)

“No CBD stone was detected in our 318 low-risk patients; yet CBD stones were found in 14.2% of the patients in the intermediate-risk group. Our results also indicate that despite undergoing preoperative ERCP, IOC should still be performed. Additionally, according to a literature review, IOC enables the early detection of bile duct injury, which facilitates more favorable survival and prognosis for patients. Considering its advantages for detecting CBD stones and biliary injuries, the routine use of IOC is still suggested.” (Lai)

Lai HY, et al Routine intraoperative cholangiography during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: application of the 2016 WSES guidelines for predicting choledocholithiasis. Surg Endosc. 2022 Jan;36(1):461-467