Acute variceal bleeding is the major cause of mortality in patients with cirrhosis. The standard medical and endo-scopic treatment has reduced the mortality of variceal bleeding from 50% to 10–20%. The refractory variceal bleedis either because of failure to control the bleed or failure of secondary prophylaxis. The patients refractory to standardmedical therapy need further interventions. The rescue therapies include balloon tamponade, self-expanding metalstents (SEMS) placement, shunt procedures, including transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS),balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO), and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided coiling.