Velchev JD, Van Laer L, Luyckx I, Dietz H, Loeys B. Loeys-Dietz Syndrome. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021;1348:251-264. Full-text for Emory users.

From: Table 11.1. Clinical features at initial diagnosis of LDS. (Velchev JD, et al., p. 253.)

• Vascular findings
  • Arterial tortuosity 92%
    • Most common in head and neck vessels
      • Carotids (55%)
      • Vertebral (56%)
      • Intracranial (37%)
      • Ascending aorta (5%), aortic arch (10%)
      • Descending thoracic (4%) or abdominal
      • (7%) Ao, also other vessels (e.g. iliacs)
• Aneurysms
  • Aorta
    • Root 87%
    • Ascending 27%
    • Arch 10%
    • Desc thoracic 15%
    • Abdominal 12%
  • Vessel beyond Ao 30%