“Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is one of the most common emergencies in gastroenterology. Despite major improvements in its management, AUGIB continues to be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Bleeding peptic ulcers are one of the principal causes of AUGIB. Endoscopic therapy to bleeding ulcers reduces further bleeding and improves patients’ outcomes.”
“Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common emergency in people. With a hospitalization rate of 67 per 100,000 in the USA and an in-hospital mortality of 1.9 per 100 cases, it is a severe condition. The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a peptic ulcer in the stomach or duodenum. The aetiology of peptic ulcers is complex, but known risk factors for complications of peptic ulcers are Helicobacter pylori infection, and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The definition of a peptic ulcer is a loss of tissue from the mucosa. The bleeding is often from the arteries in the submucosa or tunica muscularis, but there can be erosions of larger arteries, such as the gastroduodenal, right gastric, or left gastric arteries.”
Continue reading“Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is currently considered an important multimodality treatment option for patients with locally advanced esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Perioperative chemotherapy is an alternative multimodality treatment option for locally advanced gastroesophageal junction
adenocarcinoma.”
“In this retrospective study, all patients who had gastrectomy for cancer between 2007 and 2017 in French tertiary centers were included. The outcome was a diagnosis of GLP based on pathological review of the surgical specimen. The diagnostic score was created by using variables that were most frequently associated with GLP using penalized logistic
regression on multiply imputed datasets. We used discrimination measures to assess the performances of the score. Internal validation was performed using bootstrapping methods to correct for over-optimism.”
“The diagnosis of LP carries significant controversy regarding its surgical management.
Lymph node involvement is almost always present at the time of diagnosis, and due to its
diffuse nature, microscopic disease is often found at the resection margins. Peritoneal
dissemination is frequently encountered at the time of surgery or as the main site of
recurrence. As such, curative resection is possible in less than half of patients and early
recurrence is common, leading to a dismal median survival, ranging from 6 to 12 months,
and 5-year survival between 8 and 13 %.”
“Linitis plastica (LP) is a distinct phenotype of gastric cancer. Macroscopically, it is characterized as a thickened stomach, with prominent diffusion of the tumor into the submucosal and muscular layers; microscopically, it is often associated with signet ring cell features and diffuse and scirrhous (referring to the histologic characteristic of abundant stromal cells) histologic types.”
“Linitis plastica due to gastric adenocarcinoma is a condition with a long history, but still lacks a standardized definition and is commonly confused with Borrmann type IV, Lauren diffuse, and signet-cell type gastric cancer. The absence of a clear definition is a problem when investigating its biological characteristics and role as a possible independent factor for prognosis. Nevertheless, the biological behavior for linitis plastica, which is unique, may be valuable in risk stratification and have implications for treatment. A definition of linitis plastica
based on molecular or genomic criteria could represent a useful starting point for investigating new targeted therapies.”
