“Advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management over the last 2–3 decades have enabled the safe performance of hepatic resections. In the 1980s, when the perioperative mortality was reported to be as high as around 10%, drain placement was
considered to be necessary so as to provide information about intraabdominal adverse events promptly and for prophylactic drainage. However, as the necessity of drain placement in other surgical fields has been ruled out and as the incidence of life-threatening adverse
events after hepatic resection decreased, several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were performed; the conclusions of these trials were that drain placement was not necessary. However, some of them lacked a primary endpoint and calculation of sample size; in
the other studies, the primary endpoint was the incidence of wound-related complication, most of which could be resolved using antibiotics or bed-side opening of the wound, corresponding to Clavien-Dindo (C-D) grade 11 2 or even 1.”